A bond from a below-investment-grade issuer — higher coupon to compensate for higher <em>default</em> risk.
A debt structure where the full principal comes due in <em>one</em> payment at the end, with no amortization along the way.
A loan with no <em>maintenance</em> financial covenant — the borrower is tested only when it takes a specific action.
Replacing existing debt with new debt — to extend <em>maturity</em>, cut the rate, or change terms.
How much debt a company carries relative to its earnings — usually <em>debt divided by EBITDA</em>.
Lowering the interest margin on an existing loan without replacing it — a <em>cheaper</em> rate, same instrument.