A debt structure where the full principal comes due in <em>one</em> payment at the end, with no amortization along the way.
A loan with no <em>maintenance</em> financial covenant — the borrower is tested only when it takes a specific action.
How much debt a company carries relative to its earnings — usually <em>debt divided by EBITDA</em>.
Lowering the interest margin on an existing loan without replacing it — a <em>cheaper</em> rate, same instrument.
How comfortably a company's cash flow covers its debt payments — <em>cash available</em> divided by debt service.
Non-bank funds lending <em>directly</em> to companies — bilateral private loans that bypass the syndicated market.