AGNC's 11.6% economic return in the fourth quarter drove our impressive full-year economic return of 22.7%. Even more noteworthy, AGNC's total stock return in 2025 was 34.8% with dividends reinvested, nearly double the performance of the S&P 500. On our third quarter earnings call in 2023, we expressed our belief that a durable and attractive investment environment for AGNC was emerging as mortgage spreads began to stabilize at historically attractive return levels. Moreover, during that same time period, AGNC shareholders have experienced a total stock return of nearly 60%, or 23% on an annualized basis.

Turning back to 2025, the Bloomberg Aggregate Agency Index was the best-performing fixed income sector in the fourth quarter and for the year produced a total return of 8.6%. On the demand side of the equation, however, the investor base today is more diversified and positioned to expand, with GSE purchases potentially consuming about half of this year's supply. At the same time, bank, money manager, foreign investor, and REIT demand should all remain strong. Pulling this all together, the underlying fundamental and technical backdrop for Agency mortgage-backed securities continues to be favorable and supportive of our positive outlook.

As Peter mentioned, our full-year economic return was 22.7%, reflecting our monthly dividend totaling $1.44 per common share and a $0.47 increase in tangible net book value per share. As of late last week, our tangible net book value per common share was up about 4% for January, or 3% net of our monthly dividend accrual. The average projected life CPR of our portfolio increased 100 basis points to 9.6% at quarter end from 8.6% in the prior quarter due to lower mortgage rates. Our asset portfolio totaled $95 billion at quarter end, up about $4 billion from the prior quarter as we fully deployed our new capital that we raised during the quarter.

What went well
  • 11.6% economic return on tangible common equity in Q4, driving a 22.7% full-year economic return
  • 34.8% total stock return in 2025 with dividends reinvested, nearly double the S&P 500
  • Tangible net book value per share rose $0.60 in Q4 on lower rate volatility and tighter mortgage spreads
  • Agency Index was the best-performing fixed income sector, outperforming Treasuries by 2.3 points in 2025
  • Issued $356M of common equity via the ATM at a premium to book, ~$2B accretively raised for the full year
  • Ended the quarter with a strong $7.6B liquidity position (64% of tangible equity) and reduced leverage to 7.2x
What went wrong
  • Mortgage spreads broke through the ~3-year range into a new, tighter range, compressing marginal returns
  • Net spread and dollar roll income was flat at $0.35, dragged $0.01 by non-recurring year-end incentive comp accrual
  • Prepayment risk is elevated; projected life CPR rose 100bps to 9.6% and actual CPRs rose to 9.7% on lower rates
  • Weighted average coupon on the portfolio fell slightly to 5.12%
  • Policy actions on streamlined refi, G-fees, or mortgage portability could accelerate prepayments and widen spreads

Guidance Changes

MetricPeriodCurrent guidance
Net spread and dollar roll incomeForwardModerate tailwind from lower funding costs, rate cuts, and greater swap-hedge mix
Expected ROE at current spreads2026~13%-15%, possibly a touch above depending on hedge mix
Current-coupon spread to swapsCurrentNew range ~120-160bps, currently ~135bps
Current-coupon spread to TreasuriesCurrentNew range ~90-130bps, currently ~110bps
Duration gapForward~0.5 year today; typically 0.25-0.75 year, likely to widen if rates stay/rise
Net new Agency MBS supply / private-sector absorption2026~$200B net new supply; ~$400B for private sector to absorb, similar to prior two years

Performance Breakdown

MetricYoYNote
Economic return (tangible common equity) 22.7% full-year 2025; 11.6% in Q4 Lower interest rate volatility and mortgage spreads tightening to benchmark rates
Tangible net book value per share +$0.47 full year; +$0.60 in Q4 Tighter mortgage spreads and lower rate volatility; up ~4% in January (3% net of dividend)
Net spread and dollar roll income Flat at $0.35/share Included $0.01 non-recurring year-end incentive comp expense; short-term variable funding retained
At-risk leverage 7.2x at Q4 end vs 7.6x at Q3 end; Q4 average 7.4x vs 7.5x Leverage allowed to come down consistent with spread tightening
Portfolio CPR Projected life 9.6% vs 8.6%; actual 9.7% vs 8.3% Lower mortgage rates increased prepayment expectations
Asset portfolio size $95B, up ~$4B from prior quarter Full deployment of newly raised capital

Earnings Call Themes & Trends

TopicPrevious mentionCurrent periodTrend
Mortgage spread regimeHeld within a ~3-year range that drove strong prior-year resultsBroke into a new tighter range; upside of the range now more capped by policy focus on affordability
Hedge mix / swap spreads59% swap-based hedges in duration dollars; hedge ratio 77%70% swap-based and likely higher; swap spreads widened on SLR revision and repo easing, favoring swaps
GSE / policy backdropGSE reform uncertainty weighed on Agency MBS early in the yearTreasury/FHFA focus on spread stability and affordability; GSEs deploying portfolio capacity, ~$200B MBS purchase
Interest rate volatilityElevated volatility hurt MBS in the tightening cycleVolatility trended lower (10-yr in ~25bps Q4 range); expected to stay generally low into 2026
Demand base for Agency MBSMarket dominated by money managers a year or two agoMore diversified base — GSEs, banks, money managers, foreign, REITs; demand could outpace supply in 2026
Capital issuance~$2B accretively raised in 2025; $356M in Q4No quarter-to-date issuance (blackout); future issuance opportunistic, no urgency to grow

Q&A Summary

Where are spreads now versus Q4, and how does the dividend get covered given tighter spreads but more capital and higher book value?
Spreads entered a new tighter range — current coupon ~135bps to swaps and ~110bps to Treasuries. The existing portfolio earns roughly a 16% ROE, aligned with the ~15.8% total cost of capital, so the dividend is well covered; new capital only needs to beat the ~12% dividend yield, and marginal returns of 13%-15% clear that.
Is the incremental portfolio's dividend coverage tighter, closer to the ~15.5% break-even ROE?
Yes. The right hurdle for newly raised capital is the ~12% dividend yield on the stock, not the total cost of capital, and current 13%-15% marginal returns exceed it, providing ample coverage.
What could push spreads to the tight or wide end of the range, and how does that inform leverage?
GSE portfolio-cap changes, Fed balance-sheet/repo actions, and a possible new Fed chair could tighten spreads; streamlined refi, G-fees, or mortgage portability could widen them. AGNC has let leverage fall with tighter spreads and needs more evidence of spread stability before changing its leverage profile.
If you were the administration/FHFA, what would you do to address affordability?
They have already done a lot and deserve credit; the key is continuing to focus on mortgage-spread stability, which draws a more diverse investor base, and raising the GSE portfolio cap would add capacity and keep spreads attractive.
Is there room for swap spreads to keep widening, and where do they settle?
Swap spreads should stay in range with potential to widen further as the Fed shifts to reserve management and grows its balance sheet ~$40B/month; swap-based hedges should outperform Treasury hedges and add roughly 1%-2% of ROE at 6x-7x leverage.
What is your view on interest rate volatility going forward?
Volatility, a key 2025 tailwind, should remain generally low — the 10-year traded in a ~25bps range in Q4 — though maybe not as low given geopolitical risks; the Treasury's focus on stable long-term rates is supportive, with rates biased slightly lower.
Update on quarter-to-date equity issuance and ATM expectations?
No issuance quarter-to-date (typical earnings blackout). Future ATM activity will be opportunistic and driven by economics, not a desire for scale; the company is comfortable with its current size and liquidity.
How do non-GSE buyers like banks and foreign investors evolve over the next 12 months?
The demand base is more diverse than a year ago — money managers could buy $100B-$200B on strong bond-fund inflows, banks more than $50B on favorable regulation, foreign demand has upside, and REIT demand stays strong; demand could credibly outpace supply in 2026.
At what mortgage-rate level does refi accelerate, and would you adjust the longer-dated hedges?
Prepayment risk is higher, so asset/coupon selection matters more — 48% of the portfolio is in 5.5s and above but 87% of that has favorable prepay attributes. AGNC will run a positive duration gap and hold a sizable receiver-swaption position to protect against a down-rate, faster-prepay environment.
How does a barbelled coupon market with GSE buying near the par coupon affect pool selection and capital deployment?
GSE purchases likely concentrate near the par (~5%) coupon, which has tightened ~15bps quarter-to-date versus ~5bps for the rest of the stack; the $9T market still has ample liquidity across 4s, 4.5s and other coupons for AGNC to position as it wants.

More on AGNC Investment Corp.

Reported 2026-01-27 · figures from the AGNC Investment Corp. Q4 2025 earnings call.

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