The call in brief

AMD delivered a record first quarter of fiscal 2025 with revenue of $7.4B, up 36% year-over-year and above the high end of guidance, alongside 54% gross margin (up 140 bps), $1.8B operating income (24% margin), and diluted EPS of $0.96, up 55%. Growth was led by the data center segment, up 57% year-over-year to $3.7B on 5th-gen EPYC Turin server CPU share gains and a ramp of MI325X Instinct GPUs, with data center operating income rising to $932M (25% margin). The client and gaming segment grew 28% to $2.9B, powered by client revenue up 68% to $2.3B at a record client CPU ASP from a richer high-end Ryzen mix, while embedded slipped 3% year-over-year to $823M amid a gradual recovery and total revenue fell 3% sequentially. AMD closed its ZT Systems acquisition on March 31 to build rack-scale AI systems capability, began sampling the CDNA 4 MI350 series (on track for mid-year production, including a multi-billion-dollar Oracle MI355X deal) and reaffirmed a 2026 MI400 rack-scale roadmap. The key headwind is a new April export license requirement for MI308 shipments to China, cutting Q2 revenue by $700M and an estimated ~$1.5B for the full year, plus ~$800M of inventory/reserve charges that pull Q2 gross margin down to 43% (~54% excluding the charge). Q2 revenue is guided to ~$7.4B ± $300M, still 27% year-over-year growth at the midpoint, with client and gaming up double digits sequentially, embedded flattish, and data center down on the MI308 exclusion; OpEx is ~$2.3B and the diluted share count ~1.64B. Management expects full-year data center GPU revenue to grow strong double digits on a second-half-weighted basis, gross margin to improve slightly in the second half, and continued EPYC enterprise share gains supported by TSMC Arizona production and the 2nm Venice roadmap. Key themes were the MI350/MI400 Instinct roadmap and rack-scale execution via ZT Systems, resilient client demand driven by mix rather than tariff pull-ins, and navigating China export controls and AI Diffusion Rules within a roughly $500B accelerator TAM.

What went well
  • Record Q1 revenue of $7.4B, up 36% year-over-year, marking the fourth consecutive quarter of accelerating year-over-year growth and exceeding the high end of guidance.
  • Data center segment revenue grew 57% year-over-year to $3.7B on 5th-gen EPYC Turin server CPU share gains and MI325X Instinct GPU ramp; data center operating income rose to $932M (25% margin) from $541M (23%) a year ago.
  • Client revenue jumped 68% year-over-year to $2.3B with record client CPU ASP from a richer high-end Ryzen mix; the client and gaming segment grew 28% to $2.9B and its operating income rose to $496M (17% margin) from $237M (10%).
  • Net income increased 55% year-over-year and diluted EPS reached $0.96, up 55%, driven by higher data center product mix and richer Ryzen mix.
  • Gross margin was 54%, up 140 basis points year-over-year, the fifth straight quarter of year-over-year gross margin expansion.
  • Closed the ZT Systems acquisition on March 31 and secured a multi-billion-dollar Oracle deal for MI355X clusters; more than 35 MI300 series platforms now in production and MI350 on track to begin production by mid-year.
What went wrong
  • Total revenue declined 3% sequentially, due to lower embedded and data center segment revenue.
  • New April export license requirement for MI308 shipments to China creates a $700M Q2 revenue reduction and an estimated ~$1.5B full-year 2025 revenue impact.
  • Q2 non-GAAP gross margin guided down to 43%, inclusive of ~$800M in inventory and related reserve charges tied to the MI308 export restriction (~54% excluding the charge).
  • Embedded segment revenue was $823M, down 3% year-over-year and down 11% sequentially, with only a gradual demand recovery underway.
  • Data center revenue fell 5% sequentially and data center GPU declined modestly versus Q4 2024.

Management Commentary

Matt Ramsay
VP of Financial Strategy and VP of Investor Relations, AMD

Thank you and welcome to AMD's 2025 First Quarter Financial Results Conference Call. By now, you should have had the opportunity to review a copy of our Earnings Press Release and the accompanying slides. If you have not had the chance to review these materials, they can be found on the investor relations portion of amd.com. We will refer primarily to non-GAAP financial measures during today's call. The full non-GAAP to GAAP reconciliations are available in today's press release and the slides posted on our website. Participants on today's conference call are Dr. Lisa Su, our Chair and Chief Executive Officer, and Jean Hu, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer. This is a live call and will be replayed via webcast on our website.

Before we begin, I would like to take note that Mark Papermaster, our Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer, will attend the TD Cowen TMT Conference on Wednesday, May 28, and Jean Hu will attend the Bank of America Global Technology Conference on Tuesday, June 3rd. Today's discussion contains forward-looking statements based on our current beliefs, assumptions, and expectations. Speak only of today and, as such, involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our current expectations. Please refer to the cautionary statement on our press release for more information on factors that could cause actual results to differ materially. You will also find detailed discussion of our risk factors in our filings with the SEC, in particular AMD's most recent quarterly report on Form 10-Q and annual report on Form 10-K.

With that, I would like to hand the call over to Lisa.

Lisa Su
Chair and CEO, AMD

Thank you, Matt, and good afternoon to all those listening today. We delivered an outstanding start to the year despite the evolving dynamics related to tariffs and the regulatory environment. Growth accelerated for the fourth consecutive quarter year-over-year, driven by strength in our core businesses and expanding data center and AI momentum. Revenue and EPS both exceeded consensus estimates as Instinct AI Accelerator, EPYC, and Ryzen CPU sales grew significantly year-over-year. As a result, first quarter revenue increased 36% year-over-year to $7.4 billion, as our data center and client and gaming segments both grew by a large double-digit percentage. We expanded gross margin year-over-year for the fifth straight quarter and increased net income by 55%, driven by a higher overall percentage of data center product sales and a richer Ryzen processor mix.

Despite the uncertain macroeconomic backdrop, our first quarter performance highlights the strength of our differentiated product portfolio and execution and positions us well for strong growth in 2025. Turning to the segments, Data Center segment revenue increased 57% year-over-year to $3.7 billion. We gained server CPU share driven by the ramp of our latest 5th-gen EPYC Turin processors and sustained demand for 4th-gen EPYC. Hyperscaler demand remained strong as cloud providers expanded EPYC deployments to power their critical infrastructure and public services. More than 30 new instances launched from Alibaba, AWS, Google, Oracle, Tencent, and others in the quarter, including the initial wave of 5th-gen EPYC Turin instances. In addition, AWS launched new FPGA accelerated instances in the quarter powered by EPYC processors with Xilinx Versal FPGAs that are optimized for data and compute-intensive workloads like genomics, multimedia processing, network security, and cloud-based video broadcasting.

Every major cloud provider is deep in development on Turin programs, with a steady stream of public instances and internal deployments expected to ramp into production over the coming quarters. Enterprise adoption of EPYC instances was very strong in the quarter. The number of EPYC-powered cloud instances activated by Forbes 2000 enterprise customers more than doubled year-over-year, including new wins with internet-native streaming, transportation, financial services, and social media companies. For example, CrowdStrike achieved major performance and cost improvements by broadly deploying EPYC instances across its multi-cloud infrastructure. At the same time, we're also actively partnering with leading application and cloud providers to deploy EPYC-optimized solutions tailored for specialized industry verticals. Siemens launched their latest software-defined vehicle solution powered by EPYC CPUs and Radeon Pro GPUs on Azure, leveraging digital twin technology to significantly speed up automotive design and validation.

Oracle launched a new version of its Exadata database platform, which is used by more than half of the Fortune Global 100. The latest Exadata X11M has been optimized for fifth-gen EPYC processors to deliver up to 25% faster performance in transaction processing and analytics compared to the prior generation. Turning to enterprise on-prem adoption, EPYC CPU sales grew by a large double-digit percentage year-over-year for the seventh straight quarter, driven by new public sector wins and high-volume deployments with large automotive, semiconductor, financial services, retail, energy, and technology companies. We have built significant enterprise momentum over the last few years as our partners expanded the number of EPYC-based platforms to more than 450, and we scaled our joint go-to-market programs.

As a result, EPYC is now deployed by all of the top 10 telecom, aerospace, and semiconductor companies, 9 out of the top 10 automotive, 7 out of the top 10 manufacturing, and 6 out of the top 10 energy companies on the Forbes 2000. We expect enterprise adoption to accelerate over the coming quarters as more than 150 Turin platforms become broadly available from Dell, Cisco, HPE, Lenovo, Supermicro, and others. Looking forward, we see a clear path to continued share gains as customers ramp their 5th-gen EPYC offerings that deliver unmatched performance, efficiency, and TCO across every major cloud and enterprise data center workload. We passed key milestones in April to begin manufacturing 5th-gen EPYC at TSMC's new Arizona fab, with first production shipments expected in the second half of 2025.

Longer term, we announced our next-gen EPYC Venice processors are the lead HPC products for TSMC's two-nanometer process node. Venice silicon is in our labs and performing well, with bring-up and validation progressing to plan to support a 2026 launch. Turning to our data center AI business, revenue increased by a significant double-digit percentage year-over-year as MI325X shipments ramped to support new enterprise and cloud deployments. More than 35 MI300 series platforms are in production from all the leading service providers, supporting the expanding number of Instinct GPU deployments with cloud, enterprise, and AI customers. Several hyperscalers expanded their use of Instinct Accelerators to cover an increasing range of generative AI search, ranking, and recommendation use cases.

We also added multiple tier one cloud and enterprise customers in the quarter, including one of the largest frontier model developers that is now using Instinct GPUs to serve a significant portion of their daily inference traffic. The depth and breadth of our customer engagements continues to expand as breakthroughs in large-scale AI models like OpenAI's O3 and DeepSeek's R1 drive increased demand for traditional inferencing and increasingly as a critical part of pre-training. The industry-leading memory capacity and bandwidth of our Instinct portfolio is ideally suited for these workloads, and we are actively working with multiple customers to scale Instinct from single-node deployments to distributed inferencing clusters. Training engagements also ramped in the quarter as multiple tier one hyperscale AI and enterprise customers scaled Instinct GPU clusters to train internal and next-gen frontier models.

In parallel, we're making meaningful progress with sovereign AI deployments as countries expand investments to establish domestic, nation-scale AI infrastructure. In February, we announced a strategic partnership with G42 to build one of France's most powerful AI compute facilities powered by Instinct Accelerators. On the AI software front, we significantly accelerated our release cadence in the first quarter, shifting from quarterly ROCm updates to delivering ready-to-deploy training and inferencing containers on a biweekly basis that include performance optimizations and support for the latest libraries, kernels, and algorithms. We expanded our open-source community enablement in the quarter, making significantly more Instinct compute infrastructure available to enable developers to automatically build, test, and deploy updates to ROCm code nightly. As a result, more than 2 million models on Hugging Face now run out of the box on AMD.

We're also enabling an increasing number of models to launch with day zero support for Instinct Accelerators, including Meta's Llama 4, Google's Gemma 3, and DeepSeek's R1 models that were released in the first quarter. Beyond launch, we are delivering regular software updates that increase performance for new models. For example, in the weeks following the launch of DeepSeek's R1 model, we introduced ROCm optimizations that enabled MI300 to deliver leadership inferencing throughput. We released ROCm 6.4 in the quarter with major upgrades that increased training and inferencing performance across popular AI frameworks like PyTorch, JAX, and VLLM. The release also adds multiple ease-of-use features, including new cluster management tools that simplify the scaling and optimization of large-scale Instinct deployments. Turning to our AI solutions capabilities, earlier this quarter, we completed our acquisition of ZT Systems, adding world-class systems design expertise to complement our silicon and software leadership.

With ZT, we can provide ready-to-deploy rack-level AI solutions based on industry standards built with AMD CPUs, GPUs, and networking, reducing deployment time for hyperscalers and accelerating time to market for OEM and ODM partners. The team is fully engaged in already co-designing with key customers on rack-level designs optimized for our upcoming MI400 series and working with customers and OEM partners to accelerate time to market for our MI350 series. We have received significant interest in ZT's manufacturing business and expect to announce a strategic partner shortly. We began sampling our next-gen MI350 series with multiple customers in the first quarter and remain on track to begin accelerated production by mid-year. MI350 series performance is very strong based on the advances in our CDNA 4 architecture.

We designed CDNA 4 to deliver leadership performance across a wide range of AI workloads, increasing memory capacity and bandwidth 1.5x, adding support for new data types, and improving network efficiency to deliver 35x higher throughput and performance compared to MI300X. Customer interest in the MI350 series is very strong, setting the stage for broad deployment in the second half of this year. As one example, we are partnering with Oracle to deploy a large-scale cluster powered by MI355X accelerators, 5th-gen EPYC Turin processors, and Pollara 400 AI NICs. This multi-billion-dollar initiative highlights the expanding AMD and OCI partnership and the growing demand for AMD Instinct to power the next wave of large-scale AI infrastructure. Looking ahead, our MI400 series development remains on track to launch next year.

The MI400 series is designed to deliver leadership performance for both inferencing and training, scaling seamlessly from single servers to full data center deployments. Early customer feedback has been very positive, marking a major step forward in our Instinct roadmap and significantly expanding our AI accelerator TAM as customers plan broader Instinct deployments to power a larger share of their AI infrastructure. I'm looking forward to sharing more details on the MI350 series, future MI400 rack-scale solutions, and the growing customer adoption of our Instinct platforms at our Advancing AI event on June 12th. Turning to our client and gaming segment, segment revenue increased 28% year-over-year to $2.9 billion. Client revenue grew 68% year-over-year, marking our fifth consecutive quarter of revenue share gains. We delivered record client CPU ASP, driven by a richer mix of high-end desktop and mobile Ryzen processors.

Jean Hu
EVP, CFO, and Treasurer, AMD

Thank you, Lisa, and good afternoon, everyone. I'll start with a review of our financial results and then provide our current outlook for the second quarter of fiscal 2025. As a reminder, for comparative purposes, our first quarter fiscal year 2025 financial statement disclosures include the combination of our client and gaming businesses into a single reportable segment to align with how we manage the business. We continue to provide distinct revenue disclosures for our data center, client, gaming, and embedded businesses.

We are pleased with our record first quarter revenue of $7.4 billion, exceeding the high end of our guidance, up 36% year-over-year, driven by 57% revenue growth in the data center segment and a 28% revenue growth in the client and the gaming segment. Revenue declined 3% sequentially due to lower revenue in the embedded and data center segments, partially offset by sequential growth in the client and the gaming segment. Gross margin was 54%, up 140 basis points from a year ago. Operating expenses were $2.2 billion and increased 28% year-over-year as we continue to invest aggressively in go-to-market activities and in R&D to address the significant growth opportunities ahead of us. Operating income was $1.8 billion, representing a 24% operating margin. Taxes, interest expenses, and other was $213 million.

For the first quarter of 2025, diluted earnings per share was $0.96 and increased 55% year-over-year. Now turning to our reportable segments, starting with the data center. Data center segment revenue was $3.7 billion, up 57% year-over-year, primarily driven by continued CPU server share gains across both the cloud and enterprise customers and the strong growth of AMD Instinct GPUs. On a sequential basis, data center segment revenue decreased 5%. Data center segment operating income was $932 million, or 25% of revenue, compared to $541 million, or 23% a year ago. Client and gaming segment revenue was $2.9 billion, up 28% year-over-year, driven primarily by strong customer demand for our latest generation Zen 5 AMD Ryzen processor, partially offset by lower semicustom revenue. Client revenue was $2.3 billion, up 68% year-over-year.

More than half of the growth was driven by higher ASPs from a richer mix of high-end Ryzen processors. On a sequential basis, client and gaming segment revenue increased by 2%, primarily driven by stronger than seasonal performance of our client product portfolio and increased semicustom product revenue. Client and gaming segment operating income was $496 million, or 17% of revenue, compared to $237 million, or 10% a year ago, driven by operating leverage on higher revenue. Embedded segment revenue was $823 million, down 3% year-over-year. Embedded demand continues to recover gradually. Sequentially, embedded was down 11%, consistent with our expectations. Embedded segment operating income was $328 million, or 40% of revenue, compared to $342 million, or 41% a year ago. Turning to the balance sheet and the cash flow.

During the quarter, we generated $939 million in cash from operations, and our free cash flow for the quarter was $727 million. We returned $749 million to shareholders through the repurchase of common stock and our repurchase program. We have $4 billion remaining in our share repurchase authorization. At the end of the quarter, cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investment were $7.3 billion. Within the quarter, we raised $1.5 billion of debt and issued $950 million of commercial paper to help fund our acquisition of ZT Systems, which was completed on March 31st. Now turn to our second quarter 2025 outlook. As a reminder, in April, a new export license requirement was put in place for MI308 shipments to China, the impact of which is included in our guidance. We expect revenue to be approximately $7.4 billion ± $300 million.

This includes an estimated $700 million revenue reduction as a result of the new export license requirement. Despite this headwind, the middle point of our guidance represents 27% year-over-year revenue growth. For the full year 2025, we estimated the revenue impact due to the export license requirement to be approximately $1.5 billion. Sequentially, we expect client and gaming segment revenue to increase by double-digit percentage. Embedded segment revenue to be flattish, and we expect data center segment revenue to decrease due to the exclusion of MI308 revenue. In addition, we expect second quarter non-GAAP gross margin is estimated to be 43%, inclusive of approximately $800 million in charges for inventory and related reserves. Excluding this charge, our non-GAAP gross margin would be approximately 54%. Non-GAAP operating expenses to be approximately $2.3 billion, which includes approximately $50 million in OpEx due to the addition of the ZT Systems design team.

The financials for the ZT manufacturing business will be reported as discontinued operations starting in the second quarter. We expect net interest and other expenses to be $5 million due to the debt associated with the ZT Systems transaction. Non-debt effective tax rate to be 13%, and the diluted share count is expected to be approximately 1.64 billion shares, which includes 9 million shares related to the ZT transaction. Looking forward, despite ongoing macro and trade policy-related uncertainties, we believe the investment we are making will position us well to address the large growth opportunities ahead as AI expands the use of high-performance computing across all our end markets. In closing, 2025 is off to a strong start as we continue to execute on key strategic financial goals.

We delivered strong top-line revenue growth, expanded the growth and operating margins, and closed the key acquisition of ZT Systems to expand and accelerate our data center GPU and systems roadmaps. With that, I'll turn it back to Matt for the Q&A session.

Matt Ramsay
VP of Financial Strategy and VP of Investor Relations, AMD

Thank you very much, Jean. John, can you go ahead and pull the callers for the Q&A session, please? Thank you.

Analyst Q&A

Joshua Buchalter — Director and Equity Research, TD Cowen
Thank you. Thank you for taking my questions and congrats on the results. I was hoping you may expand on the drivers of upside in both the print and, in particular, the guide. How should we think about QQ growth by segment? I wanted to double-click on client in particular. That business is up 67% year-over-year in the first quarter, and there are obviously a lot of concerns on pullings. I was hoping you could walk through some of the drivers of the strength in client in particular and how you're thinking about that in QQ. Thank you. Okay, great.
Lisa Su — Chair and CEO, AMD
Josh, thanks for the question. Look, we were very pleased with our performance in Q1. We actually saw a strength across a number of our businesses. We saw strength certainly in the client business, very strong desktop performance. We saw strength in our gaming business as well, which was really due to our strong Radeon launch. We also saw some strength in our data center business across both stronger CPU and GPU. Those are some of the drivers for our Q1 performance. In particular, on your question of client performance, we've certainly looked very carefully at the ordering patterns and what customers are telling us. We have not seen a lot of tariff-related activity in that business. I would say, though, what we have seen is a real stronger mix and strength in our overall ASPs.
The desktop channel, which is an area where we have very strong gaming products right now, actually performed well above seasonality in Q1. That is really the strength of the ASPs there. That is what we saw in Q1. To your question about the guide for Q2, as Jean mentioned, we do have the new export control limitation on MI308. We have taken out that revenue, which is a $700 million headwind in Q2. With that, we have a strong outlook given the strength across the rest of our businesses. We continue to see strength in client going into the second quarter. Again, the desktop business continues to perform above typical seasonality. We are also seeing the beginning of the commercial ramp, which is a place where we have traditionally been quite underrepresented.
We see continued strength in gaming, I would say, much better than typical seasonality. That is really our AIB business with the Radeon products ramping, as well as consoles have now drained all of their inventory. They are starting their ramp into the year. From a data center side, we see sequential growth on the CPU side. We see the GPU right on track, minus the China export controls. For all of those reasons, we're pleased with where the performance of the business is right now. Y
Jean Hu — EVP, CFO, and Treasurer, AMD
eah, I'll just add one point to what Lisa just said on the client business. We had really strong performance in Q1. Sequentially, client revenue is largely flattish versus Q4. When you look behind it, our unit actually declined a double digit.
The revenue flattish is largely driven by the ASP increase sequentially due to the richer mix Lisa just mentioned.
Joshua Buchalter — Director and Equity Research, TD Cowen
Thank you for all that, Color. To follow up, I wanted to ask about how the MI308X Instinct family performed in the quarter and how you're thinking about the back half of the year. I think you mentioned in the prepared remarks, significant double-digit year-over-year. Could you maybe provide some color on how Instinct did in the first quarter, how you're thinking about the first half ahead of the MI350 ramp next month? Thank you.
Lisa Su — Chair and CEO, AMD
Sure. On the Instinct ramp, I would say Q1 performance of data center GPU was in line with maybe a little bit better than expected. I think the key point that we've always said about the Instinct ramp is very excited about the MI350 launch. We're right on track for that launching mid-year.
I would say customer interest has been very high. From a competitiveness standpoint, we feel really good about where it's positioned. Overall, I think one of the advantages that we have with the MI350 launch is that from a systems overall environment, it's actually very similar to the MI300. We believe it's going to ramp fast. We already have a couple of deals that have been announced, including a very important relationship with Oracle in terms of the MI350 series for a number of joint customers. We're excited about the overall AI business. I think we continue to see strength there. I know there are some uncertainties as it relates to tariffs and other things, but this is one of those areas where from an infrastructure standpoint, there continues to be investment in AI infrastructure.
With that, we would expect strong growth into the second half of the year.
Timothy Arcuri — Managing Director, UBS
Thanks a lot. Lisa, you said that data center GPU grew significant double digit, but it was like $600 million last March. I would think that, I mean, I think a lot of us thought it was going to be like 17 to 175. Is that the wrong way to sort of interpret that? Because it seems like it more than it went up triple digits at least. Can you help us there?
I'm curious, the additional $800 million that sort of has to come out from the ban, does that all come out in September, or is there some remnants of that that have to come out in the fourth quarter as well?
Lisa Su — Chair and CEO, AMD
Yeah. What I would say is the data center GPU business did perform very well in the first quarter. I think we have to go back and look at what you had for first quarter 2024. From an overall standpoint, it performed right where we would expect. Relative to your conversation as to where does it come out, I would say the vast majority comes out in the September quarter. Think about Jean mentioned $1.5 billion. You would see the majority of it in Q2 and Q3 with very little in Q4.
We had always expected that the fourth quarter, because it would be very focused on the MI350 family, would be non-China revenue. That is how it was planned.
Timothy Arcuri — Managing Director, UBS
Got it. Then, Jean, just on the inventory, it was up a lot. Is that just due to ZT, or is there something else happening there? Thanks.
Jean Hu — EVP, CFO, and Treasurer, AMD
On the inventory side, we built some inventory primarily to support very strong client and the server ramp, and also the second half data center GPU ramp. As you probably know, the lead time is really long to build for the Q3, Q4 ramp. We really need to start wafers right now. That is why the inventory has increased.
Harlan Suhr — Analyst, JPMorgan
I know there's been a lot of focus in your upcoming MI350 series, Lisa, but MI400 next year is where you potentially close the competitive gap in a big way, right? You're bringing frontier-class model training performance GPU in a rack scale solution. More and more, the challenges have been standing up these rack scale platforms, power, cooling, footprint, networking, connectivity, telemetry, etc., right? Lots of well-telegraphed issues with standing up these rack scale architectures. As you've shared your MI400 rack scale solution architecture with customers, what is the AMD team doing to potentially address the ease of these deployments with the MI400? In general, what's been the overall feedback been like on MI400?
Lisa Su — Chair and CEO, AMD
Yeah, Harlan, thank you for the question. I think, look, we're excited about the MI350 series launch that's coming up, but we are extremely excited as well about the MI400 series and the roadmap there. I think we've been very active with customers on our roadmap. As you know, this is one of those areas where you absolutely have to be planning many quarters in advance for that. One of the primary reasons we acquired ZT Systems was exactly to address this rack scale architecture. From that standpoint, the closing of the ZT acquisition has been very timely. What we're doing right now is, together with our ZT design team, as well as our customers' design teams and our own systems design capability, really actively planning what those rack scale systems are going to look like. I would say the MI400 series enthusiasm from customers is high.
There is a lot of activities that are going on right now to ensure that we do, in fact, learn from some of the, let's call it, some of the challenges that have occurred with some of the recent deployments.
Harlan Suhr — Analyst, JPMorgan
Thanks for that. I continue to be impressed. I mean, seven consecutive quarters of year-over-year growth in your EPYC Enterprise and on-prem traction, right? You have high 30s, low 40s type share of the overall server market in enterprise and on-prem. Your share is probably in the sort of low 20% range, but significant share momentum. Can you just remind us, what has the AMD team done? What have you put in place, sort of go-to-market-wise, to drive the strong tailwind here? What has been a very, very tough market segment to crack?
Lisa Su — Chair and CEO, AMD
I think there are a couple of things, Harlan. First of all, the strength of the product cannot be undersold, right? At this moment with 5th-gen EPYC, the overall cloud adoption has been fantastic. On the enterprise side, we've really broadened the product portfolio for Turin. That includes, let's call it, low core count up through the highest core count and frequency ranges. That is very helpful. Probably the largest impact has been in go-to-market. In the go-to-market space, we have added significant headcount and capability to address end users directly. With the use cases, I think some of the things that we talked about across industries, we're actually learning from each deployment and replicating that across many of the industrial partners. Overall, I think it's been a strong effort on enterprise. We're really still in the very early stages of that. I would say we're still quite underrepresented in enterprise. With the platform coverage and the processor coverage, I think we feel good about the opportunities.
Aaron Rakers — Managing Director, Wells Fargo
Yeah, thanks for taking the question. Going back to kind of the data center business, and particularly the GPU business, I think last quarter you had alluded to the fact that you had expected the data center revenue to be roughly flat in the first half of the year. I guess if we were to take out the $700 million impact from China, would the expectation still be flat for the year? Is that a fair assumption?
Jean Hu — EVP, CFO, and Treasurer, AMD
Aaron, you're right. Last time we did mention the first half data center GPU, it's flattish versus second half. The way to think about it, what Lisa mentioned, is the $1.5 billion impact largely will be in Q2 and Q3. When you take out $700 million in Q2 and a majority in Q3, that is what the impact in Q2 and Q3. Remember what Lisa mentioned is we do see second half weighted as we launch MI355, we will see significant ramp. year-over-year, we see strong double-digit growth of our data center business and the GPU business also.
Aaron Rakers — Managing Director, Wells Fargo
Okay. As a quick follow-up, kind of thinking about the gross margin, obviously this quarter's guidance reflective of the charge that you're taking, should we assume that in the back half with mixed attributes to be considered, that you would see a return to that 54%+ gross margin in the second half of the year? Is that a fair assessment? Yeah.
Jean Hu — EVP, CFO, and Treasurer, AMD
Yeah, Aaron, thank you for the question. Yeah, there are a few puts takes on the gross margin. If you think about the Q2, excluding the $800 million charge related to the MI308, our gross margin actually is around 54%. At the company level, right, the mix is less favorable because the client and the gaming business is growing sequentially. We do have a few drivers to drive the gross margin up. First, as I mentioned earlier, if you look at our client business, the gross margin has been improving because the richer mix of our latest generation product portfolio, that really helps. Also, secondly, within data center, when we expand the enterprise market share, we do see gross margin improvement. Of course, in addition, MI308 data center GPU gross margin is on the low end of our data center GPU margin. That also helps us overall.
When we think about the second half, we actually think the gross margin will improve slightly because data center continues to be a very strong growth driver, number one growth driver, second half versus first half, which will be partially offset by continued strength on the client and the gaming side. Hope that answered your question.
Thomas O'Malley — Director of Equity Research, Barclays
Hey, Lisa, and others, thanks for taking my question. I really appreciate it. And Jean, thanks for that helpful answer there. I just wanted to understand your view on system-based architectures and whether you feel like you have what you need right now. Obviously, UALink 1.0 is coming out. You can use third-party providers to kind of do the interconnect. ZT Systems does do a lot for you in terms of the system architecture.
From the interconnect side, do you think that you need more? Is that something that you're going to do internally, look externally? Just want to understand where you think the portfolio is today and whether you can address system-based architectures with what you have today.
Lisa Su — Chair and CEO, AMD
Sure, Tom. Absolutely. I think we feel like we have all the pieces required, as well as deep partnerships in the ecosystem. I consider it a system-level optimization between CPU, GPU, networking capability, rack scale architecture. I think all of those pieces are things that we are investing in. We're also partnering with others in the industry who are offering these capabilities.
I think when we look at the architectures that our customers want, our customers are really asking for, one, that we have a reference architecture that works, but also that we work with them as they want to interchange various pieces, particularly on the networking side. I think there are a couple of different solutions out there. We are very much focused on ensuring that we interoperate across the spectrum.
Thomas O'Malley — Director of Equity Research, Barclays
Got it. Helpful. If we look at the full year, I mean, we'll get the units with the filing, but it looks like there's some material share gains here in the first quarter. When you look at the full year, just to level set us on share gains versus market growth, could you maybe talk about what you see the client business growing as a base level?
Obviously, it's difficult to kind of predict where share will go. Just any comments on what you're seeing thus far is a couple of points of share is kind of what you're seeing in the first quarter as well. We'll get a little more later, but mostly just on the market growth for 2025. Thank you.
Lisa Su — Chair and CEO, AMD
Sure, Tom. If you're asking about share in the client business, I think that was the conversation. Look, we are very pleased with our client business performance over the last couple of quarters. I think we are seeing unit growth, particularly in desktop. Where we're seeing probably the most growth is overall revenue share. We are gaining share in the right places, which is in sort of high-end notebook and commercial as well as in desktop overall. From that standpoint, that's where we think we're going.
As we go through the year, I know there's a good amount of conversation about what happens in the macro and what happens with tariffs and does that change things going forward. We are spending quite a bit of time ensuring that we are aligning with our customers, looking at inventory levels, looking at sort of consumption and overall sell-through. We believe that we have a good overall inventory position. There is not, let's call it, a tremendous amount of pull-ins or other things that are coming into play. We will continue to be very agile in how we look at that going forward.
Vivek Arya — Managing Director, Bank of America Securities
On the first one, just near-term, Lisa, did your GPU sales grow sequentially in Q1? How much was MI308 in that number? If you look at 2025 overall, do you think GPUs can still grow despite this China headwind that you mentioned relative to the $5 billion plus you did last year?
Lisa Su — Chair and CEO, AMD
Yeah, sure, Vivek. Let me answer the second question first. We absolutely believe the data center GPU will grow, and we think it'll grow strong double digits. We had a plan that was second half weighted, and it still is. Relative to the MI308 situation, it's certainly a headwind, but one which we think is well-contained given everything else that we have going on. Relative to the Q1 performance of data center GPU, it was down very modestly from Q4, which is what we expected.
We did see good overall demand, actually, in the first quarter driven by MI325. We had a significant adoption by a large foundational model company, which was very positive there. As we go forward, we expect that we will continue to broaden both customers as well as workloads within our current customers for the Instinct portfolio.
Jean Hu — EVP, CFO, and Treasurer, AMD
Vivek, in Q1, MI325 and MI300 are majority of our revenue.
Vivek Arya — Managing Director, Bank of America Securities
Great. Longer-term, Lisa, in the past, you described, I believe, almost a $500 billion or so addressable market for AI accelerators. How much of that roughly is China? Because that now seems to be somewhat restricted for U.S. companies. Also, kind of related to that, how should we think about these AI Diffusion Rules? I think there is an implementation date that is coming up on May 15th. I'm curious what you have heard. Just sort of the implication of China restrictions and these AI Diffusion Rules on thinking about the addressable opportunity for you longer-term. Thank you.
Lisa Su — Chair and CEO, AMD
Yeah, Vivek, I think that's a good question. I think overall, it is a very dynamic market, so you'll appreciate that. On the China export controls, I think we always expected that there would be some amount of, let's call it, limitation on sort of leading-edge GPUs going into China. That was factored into our TAM expectation when we talked about $500 billion. I don't think that dramatically changes the TAM. What I will say is on the AI diffusion side, we're very actively working with the government as they're thinking through these rules. It's a very fine balance that we have to have.
At the end of the day, when we look at sort of the U.S. AI companies, we have leading-edge technology. We want to ensure that the rest of the world can really use us as the primary platform. I think it'll be important to work through the AI Diffusion Rules and all of that as we think about longer-term TAM. We're certainly spending quite a bit of efforts trying to ensure that it's well understood the importance of the overall ecosystem and having the rest of the world really adopt the U.S. ecosystem given our strength and leadership overall.
CJ Muse — Senior Managing Director, Cantor Fitzgerald
Yeah, good afternoon. Thank you for taking the question. I wanted to revisit your assumptions around client. If you were to just flatline the Q1 actual, you would grow the business about 30%. You're obviously very bullish on taking share. You talked about huge tailwinds from ASPs. Curious, when you put it all together, how should we think about traditional seasonality into the second half, particularly with the potential of some pull-ins here in the first half?
Lisa Su — Chair and CEO, AMD
Sure, CJ. It's a fair question. Look, we want to be very clear that our client business performance is primarily driven by the strength of the product portfolio. It's driven by some of the desktop channel products that traditionally are not so well tracked if you look at sort of the IDCs of the world. We are planning for, let's call it, a second half subseasonal, given that we're off to such a strong start in the first half of the year.
That is what we're putting into our sort of internal planning numbers. You wouldn't see necessarily typical seasonality since the first half is better than seasonal. That being the case, I think we feel strongly that from a consumption basis standpoint, we can see the data. When we look at the Q1 performance, it was a very, very strong Q1 in terms of sellout and consumption for our desktop business. As we start Q2, we're now four weeks into it, we see those patterns continuing. We're in an upgrade cycle right now. Gaming CPUs are usually purchased when there are gaming GPUs that come out in new cycles. I think we're benefiting from that on both the CPU and the GPU side, which is great. I mean, we're very happy with that. We're ramping up production to ensure that we keep the channel full.
CJ Muse — Senior Managing Director, Cantor Fitzgerald
Very helpful. I guess looking to next year, can you talk about 400 series and rack level solution go-to-market strategy? You talked about kind of trying to obtain partners. Is there a certain number that you're targeting? How are you thinking about kind of getting through some of the learning curve challenges of getting the rack scale, working with your OEM partners such that you can deliver that ramp in 2026? Thanks so much.
Lisa Su — Chair and CEO, AMD
Sure, CJ. I think the right answer is we're getting a very early start. That is what we have to do so that we maximize the overall learning cycle that is required for rack scale solutions. We are working very closely with a number of our hyperscale partners today to define those solutions and make sure that we're thinking about all of the various areas that could require work.
We're also working with our OEM partners who also have, let's call it, learned quite a bit over the past couple of months and quarters as other rack scale solutions have been coming online. I think we're doing everything to, let's call it, move ahead the learning cycle. Again, we have the benefit of the MI350 series being a relatively, let's call it, not large lift. The focus on the rack scale stuff is on MI400.
Stacy Rasgon — Analyst, Bernstein Research
Hi guys. Thanks for taking my questions. For the first one, given the China data center GPU headwinds in Q2 and Q3, do you think that GPU business actually grows year-over-year in Q2 and Q3? Understanding your comments the full year on it, but do you think given those headwinds in Q2 and Q3, it can actually grow year-over-year?
Lisa Su — Chair and CEO, AMD
I think you're—let's see, Stacy. The best way to answer that question is in Q2, it's not going to grow year-over-year, just given what we've said about the $700 million coming out of Q2 and how we had previously talked about the evolution. But we do believe that we'll grow year-over-year going forward in Q3 and Q4, certainly for us to do the full year with strong double-digit growth.
Stacy Rasgon — Analyst, Bernstein Research
Okay. So you do think it can grow year-over-year in Q3. Okay. For my second question, I wanted to ask about kind of the trends in Q1. You said data center GPU was down, I guess, modestly in Q1 as expected.
If I go back to your sort of double-digit year-over-year comments, I mean, it couldn't have been any more than like $1.4 billion in Q1 for GPU. And it feels like it's less than that, which means it would have been down at least 20% sequentially, maybe more, which also implies that the server CPUs in Q1 were up sequentially, which is also well above seasonal similar to clients. I guess what I'm asking is, are those trends correct? Am I modeling that correct? And I guess, what are the implications in that case of server CPUs actually up well above seasonal in Q1 given this environment?
Jean Hu — EVP, CFO, and Treasurer, AMD
I think, Stacy, this is Jean. I think when you think about the Q1 data center performance, it's declined 5%. So it's a little bit better from a server perspective because it is declined sequentially.
Same thing like data center GPU, like Lisa mentioned earlier, it did decline. I think that is the overall data center performance. I think I don't know about your model, but that is how we really look at the numbers, how we think about it.
Ross Seymore — Managing Director, Deutsche Bank
Hi guys. Thanks for letting me ask a couple of questions. I'm going to go to the embedded space. I know it's not the biggest one, but everything else has been addressed pretty detailed. You mentioned the second half getting up to year-over-year growth. It seems like that requires some significant double-digit growth sequentially in both quarters just to get the full half there. What gives you the confidence in that sort of ramp?
Jean Hu — EVP, CFO, and Treasurer, AMD
Yeah. Ross, thank you for the question. On the embedded side, we started to see a gradual recovery. I think there are signs, especially the order pattern, the book-to-bill ratios we see improving. In the aerospace defense and also test measurement side, we see a very visible improvement. Industrial side, the improvement is less so. There are inventory still among different customers. Overall, the trend, the demand pattern does improve. I think Q2, we did guide it sequentially flattish. I think we'll start to see Q3, especially Q4, you will see year-over-year increase, especially in Q4.
Ross Seymore — Managing Director, Deutsche Bank
Great. Thanks for that. I guess my last question would be on the OpEx side of things. You guided to the OpEx number for the second quarter, $2.3 billion. You said there's $50 million from ZT in there. Is that the entirety of the ZT side of things, or what should we think for kind of full year OpEx or the second half, however you want to discuss it?
Jean Hu — EVP, CFO, and Treasurer, AMD
Yeah, Ross, thank you for the question. For the ZT design team, we view it as quarterly. The incremental OpEx is about $50 million. That $2.3 billion includes everything from ZT because we closed the transaction on March 31st. I think when you look at the overall, our OpEx increase year-over-year, we continue to drive revenue growth to increase more than OpEx. Looking at the Q2, at the middle point of our guidance, revenue will be increasing 27%. We do expect the earnings per share growing much faster than the top-line revenue growth. OpEx side will be very disciplined to continue to manage it.
Matt Ramsay — VP of Financial Strategy and VP of Investor Relations, AMD
Operator, I think we have time for one more caller, please. Thank you.
Joe Moore — Managing Director, Morgan Stanley
Great. Thank you. One of the things your cloud customers have been talking about is this kind of growth in inference costs, the sort of reasoning models using a lot of inference compute and some tightness. Can you talk about that from AMD's perspective? Are you seeing that in your business? Does that change the focus that you have going forward?
Lisa Su — Chair and CEO, AMD
Sure, Joe. I think overall, what we're seeing is that with these new reasoning models, the inferencing is more important. There's also a move to more distributed inferencing. I think that actually plays into our strengths. I think we have demonstrated with MI300 that we are an excellent inference solution. That holds true for 355 and 350 series as well.
We continue to see with our memory bandwidth and memory capacity advantages, that's a positive. I will say that as we're going into this, the number of workloads that we're seeing overall is expanding. We're seeing both training and inferencing as important workloads that we're working on. Our customers continue to demonstrate. I think the desire that we're seeing probably from a trend standpoint is that there are many models that people are using today. They're not necessarily using one model. They're actually using several different models. The optimizations around that are the things that we're doing with our ROCm software suite.
Joe Moore — Analyst, Morgan Stanley
Great. Just an update on your thoughts on competing with custom silicon with ASICs in the AI space. Most of your largest customers also have a custom silicon offering. Will they invest in both AMD and ASICs? Just how do they decide how to apportion that investment?
Lisa Su — Chair and CEO, AMD
Yeah. I mean, Joe, I view them as really two different things. I think one of the primary aspects, as we've talked about, the $500 billion TAM and the opportunities there. Look, we think ASICs have a place. We happen to think GPUs have a larger piece of that because the models are changing so much. From our standpoint, it's really important to have competitive TCO. People want choice to get there, especially as inference costs become so important. We're working on trying to expand the overall inferencing sort of capability out there. I
don't think it's an either/or. I think it's a, let's get the best solutions out there. We will certainly believe that we're very competitive in inferencing.
Source: ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES INC earnings call transcript (2025-05-06). Management commentary and analyst Q&A are reproduced as delivered; speaker roles as stated on the call.

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